Difference between revisions of "Presentation"

Let’s Build The
S.H.O. Drive
• This ^is a guide to a series of videos where I will construct the world’s first S.H.O. Drive. This will be the first drive motor in the world to have a coil that looks like an S, or an H, or an O, depending on which side you look from. S.H.O. also stands for “Side Hung Over”. What good is this for? The best way to know is to build one yourself and show it! So let’s begin! 

Measuring Devices
(Equipment)
• This project involves many measuring devices, including analog and digital thermometers, a laser tachometer, a Milli-Ohm meter, an RMS meter, a LC meter, an Anemometer, a magnetic pole detector, and a metal detector. 

Rechargeable Batteries
(Energy)
• Some of these devices come with non-rechargeable batteries. When these run out, they will need to be replaced.
• Where possible, rechargeable batteries will be used after the old batteries are used up. 

Non-Rechargeable Batteries
(Energy)
• Some of the measuring devices require watch-type batteries, so for these devices, non-rechargeable batteries will be used. 

Fuses
(Equipment)
• Most multimeters have built-in fuses. These fuses are designed to burn out when overheated due to excessive current.
• So as a matter of preparation, I have purchased compatible replacement fuses. 

20 Amp Fuses
(Equipment)
• For 20 Amp protection, I purchased a 2-pack of Bussmann BP/ABC-20 20 Amp Fast Blow Fuses from Bussmann via Amazon.com 

200 Milliamp Fuses
(Equipment)
• For 200 mA protection, I purchased a 5-pack of Bussmann GMA 200mA Fast-Blow Fuses from Divine Lighting via Amazon.com 

Fire Extinguisher
(Equipment)
• In a worst-case scenario, the project may catch on fire due to overheating.
• To reduce the losses associated with such a fire, I must have a fire extinguisher at hand. 

Fire Extinguisher
(Equipment)
• So for basic safety requirements, I purchased the Amerex B500, 5lb ABC Dry Chemical Class A B C Fire Extinguisher from Amerex via Amazon.com 

Safety Gear
(Equipment)
• For safety, I purchased SAS safety goggles, an SAS First Aid Kit, and FastCap Skins Gloves, which I found in extra large.
• I purchased these and more at a wood-working specialty store called Woodcraft. 

Safety Gear
(Equipment)
• Since my wood-working operations will be limited to sanding and drilling small holes and grooves, I will use a Western Safety Dust and Particle Mask so as to not inhale any saw dust.
• I purchased this from a Harbor Freight Tools store. 

Visual Evidence
(Protocols)
• After the S.H.O. Drive is built, tests will follow.
• The plan is to run extended duration tests, some which will run for hours, and others for days.
• An appropriate video recording device is required to provide a visual record for these tests as they happen. 

Camcorder
(Recording)
• To provide evidence for these tests, I have purchased a Canon VIXIA HF R60 Camcorder from Canon via Amazon.com 

Camcorder
(Recording)
• This camcorder can record up to 12 hours at normal recording speed and also has a time-lapse function to record video over several days, or more.
• It can capture video at 60 progressive frames per second. 

Memory Card
(Recording)
• In order to record and save very long videos, I purchased the Transcend 128GB SDXC Class 10 UHS-1 Flash Memory Card from Transcend via Amazon.com 

Adjustable Clamp Mount
(Recording)
• To record video at the desired angle, I have purchased the 13.4" Smatree Adjustable Jaws Flex Clamp Mount from Smatree via Amazon.com 

Wide Angle Lens Kit
(Recording)
• In order to capture a wider angle of view in the video, I purchased a Wide Angle Lens Kit from ButterflyPhoto via Amazon.com
• The included .43x Wide Angle Lens provides a better approximation of human vision. 

In Phase 1…
• First on the list is to create holes which will hold bearings for the S.H.O. Drive.
• Second is to install brass hinges which will connect the wood panels to the wood base.
• And third is to install square nuts onto the shaft. 

2 Barn Birdhouse Kits
(Phase 1 Parts)
• The wood panels I will be using will come from 2 SawDust Bros. Birdhouse Kits which I obtained from Woodcraft.
• Why birdhouse kits? Well each birdhouse kit is packed with many pieces of wood of various sizes, which I may use in the future. 

Saving Time
(Protocols)
• But the main reason why I purchased two Birdhouse kits was for the two front panels, which have holes that are nearly the right size for the project.
• I will use the front panels from each kit as support structures to carry the weight of the bearings, rotor, and conductive copper coils. 

Hole Size
(Compatibility)
• Each front panel already has a conveniently placed 1½”‘‘‘
(or about 38 mm) hole which I will expand by 1/8”‘‘‘
(or about 3 mm) to hold the bearings.
• The bearings will be introduced in Phase 2.
• Each front panel has a base side measurement of 6”‘‘‘
(or about 150 mm). Also, they have a thickness of ½”‘‘‘
(or about 13 mm). 

Circle Template
(Phase 1 Tools)
• To mark the dimensions for the 1 5/8 ” (or about 41 mm) bearing holes, I bought a 42 circle template sheet by Timely from a specialty store called Artist & Craftsman Supply. 

Power Drill
(Phase 1 Tools)
• To expand the holes for the bearings, I purchased an inexpensive rotary tool from Ferm via Amazon.com. 

Portable Work Bench
(Equipment)
• I purchased from Black & Decker the WM125 Workmate through Amazon.com, which is foldable and has an adjustable width.
• The clamping wood pieces have a groove which, fortuitously, can hold the depth guide of the power drill. So this work bench will effectively function as an inexpensive “router table”. 

Dremel Accessory Set
(Phase 1 Tools)
• In order to finish the holes nicely to size, I will attach items from the Dremel 687-01 General Purpose Accessory Set I purchased at Fry’s Electronics. 

Sanding Bands & Drum
(Phase 1 Tools)
• The Dremel tools from the kit that I will use are the 432 Sanding Bands and the 407 Sanding Drum.
• The sanding area will be ½” (or about 13 mm) thick, which will be perfect for sanding into the ½” (or about 13 mm) thick wood panels which will hold the bearings. 

Plywood Surface
(Equipment)
• To make better use of the workbench for the rest of the project, I will cover the top with two pieces of Baltic Birch plywood from Woodcraft:
• The side lengths are 12” (or about 30 cm)
• The thickness of each is 1/2” (or about 13 mm) 

C-Clamps
(Equipment)
• To hold the plywood to the workbench, I will use 3 in. Industrial C-Clamps that I obtained from a Harbor Freight Tools store. 

Ash Wood Blocks
(Phase 1 Parts)
• I also have two separate Ash wood blocks, also from Woodcraft that are about 2 inches by 2 inches thick. That’s about 50 millimeters on each side. Their length is about 8 inches long, or about 200 millimeters. These blocks will serve as the “feet” of the S.H.O. Drive.
• If you’re wondering what Ash wood is used for, it’s a wood often used in baseball bats. 

Brass Hinges
(Phase 1 Parts)
• So how should I attach these panels to the base blocks? Well I could simply glue and nail these panels to the base like a normal person. But here I will do something different.
• From Woodcraft, I purchased these brass hinges, which I will use to attach the panels onto the ash wood blocks. 

Transparency
(Protocols)
• I am a bit extra-concerned about the craftsmanship of this effort, and it would obviously be simpler to glue and nail the pieces together. But I place more value in reducing the possible ways that are available to “trick” this device. 

Transparency
(Protocols)
• Furthermore, the device, when completed will be left uncovered and exposed to the surrounding elements and operated in multiple environments to reduce the number ways to trick this device. 

Transparency
(Protocols)
• I do want this device to be well-built enough to operate even when transporting it, to better distinguish it from rather immobile devices which, who knows, could be powered by an object hiding behind a wall or some other structure in the room. 

Metal Spring Clamps
(Equipment)
• Before drilling the pilot holes for the brass screws, I will clamp the Ash wood base blocks with Bessey XM7 3-Inch Metal Spring Clamps that I purchased from Woodcraft. 

Power Drill
(Recap)
• Earlier in this construction Phase, I will have used a rotary tool from Ferm and the Dremel 407 Sanding Drum to make neat circular holes for the bearings. 

Compact Power Drill
(Tools)
• However, to drill pilot holes for the brass screws, I will use an 18 Volt Cordless 3/8 in. Drill by Drill Master from Harbor Freight Tools. 3/8 in. is about 9.5 millimeters. 

Drill Bits
(Tools)
• I also purchased a set of 3/32 in. Titanium Nitride High Speed Steel Drill Bits by Warrior from Harbor Freight Tools.
• These will allow to me drill pilot holes into the Ash wood base blocks for the screws. 

Brass Screws
(Parts)
• After drilling the pilot holes, I will screw the hinges tight with HighPoint Solid Brass Screws that I purchased from Woodcraft.
• These are size #6 so they have a diameter of 5/16 in. (or about 8 mm) measured at the shank. The shank is the straight section next to the head of each screw. 

Screw Driver Set
(Tools)
• To tighten the screws through the brass brackets which connect the wood panels to the wood base, I purchased an iWork 53 piece Tool Set by Olympia Tools from Fry’s Electronics. 

Square Nuts and Rod
(Phase 1 Parts)
• And finally, the simplest task in Phase 1 is to install these threaded square nuts onto a threaded steel rod. 

Square Nuts and Rod
(Phase 1 Parts)
• These are zinc plated and have a fitting diameter of 5/8” (or about 16 mm) and have 11 threads per inch (11 TPI). I obtained these from Tacoma Screw.
• Their diameter matches the size for the bore hole of the fan, which I will describe in further detail in Phase 4. 

Neo Magnets
(Compatibility)
• These square nuts have a side length of 1” (or 25.4 mm). This is useful because the very strong Neodymium magnets that I will use for this project have imperial measurements whose thickness is ½” (or 12.7 mm). So these magnets will bond straight and level with the square nuts solely through their magnetic attraction, and no glue will be necessary on the magnets themselves. 

Bonding the Square Nuts
(Assembly)
• I will secure the position of the square nuts onto the shaft with a special-purpose glue called Loctite Threadlocker Red 271, which I purchased at Lowe’s.
• This is necessary so that the torque applied to magnet will transfer to the shaft. 

In Phase 2
• First on the list is to assemble a rotor of neodymium magnets onto the shaft.
• Second on the list is to insert the rotor through the bearings securely into the disassembled wooden panels.
• And third is to reattach the wood panels back onto the wood base blocks. 

Neodymium Magnets
(Phase 2 Parts)
• We will need no windings on the rotor of the S.H.O. Drive. Instead the rotor of the S.H.O. Drive will be built using very strong magnets.
• These magnets are an alloy of three atomic elements:
• Neodymium (or Nd) (the 60th atomic element)
• Boron (or B)
(the 5th atomic element)
• Iron (or Fe)
(the 26th atomic element) 

Neodymium Magnets
(Phase 2 Parts)
• These Neodymium magnets are from Magnet4less.com and are pound-for-pound some of the strongest permanent magnets that you yourself can buy on the market today.
• These are often used in making wind turbine generators. 

Neodymium Magnets
(Phase 2 Parts)
• Because these permanent magnets possess a stronger magnetic field, they will exert stronger magnetic forces on currents in S.H.O. coil.
• In turn, the current in the wires will be able to exert stronger magnetic forces on these permanent magnets. 

Securing the Shaft
(Protocols)
• To secure the shaft into place, I will thread some extra square nuts temporarily onto the shaft and clamp them down onto the Black & Decker Workmate with the Bessey XM7 3-Inch Metal Spring Clamp that I obtained from inside a Woodcraft store. 

Magnetic Pole Detector
(Measuring Equipment)
• Before I attempt to attach the magnets to the rotor, I will identify the north pole of each magnet with a Magnetic Pole Detector that I purchased from Magnet4Less.com 

Magnetic Rotor
(Assembly)
• 20 Large Neodymium magnets with dimensions of 3/2” x 3/4” x 1/2” (or about 38mm x 19mm x 13mm) will be stacked like Jenga blocks to form the rotor.
• 8 Small Neodymium magnets with dimensions of 3/4” x 1/4” x 1/2” (or about 19mm x 6mm x 13mm) will be stacked in between the large Neodymium magnets.
• Together these will form a flush fit around the 3/2”x1”x1” (or about 38mm x 25mm x 25mm) square nut assembly, resulting in a magnetic rotor assembly measuring 6” (or about 150mm) long with square poles faces measuring 3/2” (or 38mm) a side. 

Wood Panels
(Disassembly)
• I will unscrew the hinges off of the wood panels, enabling insertion of the shaft and bearings into the panel holes. 

Bearings
(Phase 2 Parts)
• I ordered shielded ball bearings from VXB at Amazon.com. These bearings are rated as having electric motor quality and will carry the weight of the shaft.
• These bearings should fit snuggly into the holes carved into the wood panels. 

Inserting the Rotor
(Assembly)
• After that, I will insert the rotor assembly, through the installed bearings.
• Then I will fasten the wood panels back onto to the base blocks. 

In Phase 3…
• First on the list is to make a custom rectangular spool for winding copper wire.
• Second is to make the two S.H.O. coils by winding copper wire around the rectangular spool, and then carefully (and separately) bending each of these coils into the shape of an S.
• And third is to install each completed S.H.O. coil onto the ceiling hooks to be installed on the wood panels. 

Magnet Wires
(Phase 3 Parts)
• The coils will be made out of a pair of copper wire spools I purchased from Tech-Fixx through Ebay.com designed for use in electromagnets.
• These are known as magnet wires. 

Magnet Wires
(Phase 3 Parts)
• These are size 12 gauge on the American Wire Gauge scale. Each coil has approximately 100 feet (or 30 meters) of wire, and together they will form a ½” (or 13 mm) thick bundle of copper with a combined resistance of approximately 0.3 ohms, or less than 1/3rd of an ohm.
• These Essex Soderon 155 wires have a temperature rating of 311 degrees Fahrenheit or 155 degrees Centigrade. 

Hole Diameter
(Compatibility)
• The magnet wire came with spools whose hole diameter fits well with a 5/8” diameter threaded rod, which in turn can also fit holes in the Black & Decker WM125 Workmate. So I will use this to my advantage when unwinding these spools. 

S.H.O. Drive
(Design)
• Unlike any other drive motor in on the market today, the S.H.O. Drive will possess a pair of rectangular conductive windings each folded in such a way to look like the letter S, the letter H, or the letter O, depending how on viewed. 

Custom Spool
(Assembly)
• Each copper spool will be wound into a rectangle winding with inside dimensions of 24” by 2¼” (or 610 mm by 57 mm).
• Then each winding will be carefully folded into the final form of the S.H.O. coil.
• Since a spool of these dimensions will be very hard to find on the market, if it exists at all, I will have to make it custom. 

Mailing Tube
(Equipment)
• The spool will be made out of a 25” (or about 635 mm) long section of a cardboard mailing tube. Pairs of notches ½” (or about 13 mm) deep will be cut into each end, and the wire will be wound through the resulting 24” by 2¼” (or about 610 mm by 57 mm) inner perimeter.
• The tube originally contained square acrylic tubes I ordered from Plastic-Craft (Phase 7). 

Nylon Fasteners
(Phase 3 Tools)
• To keep the copper winding bundle tight when curving it to the desired S-curve, several Hillman 3/8" Nylon Cable Clamps from Lowes will be fastened temporarily on the bundle using Hillman Nylon 10-24 Wingnuts and Screws also from Lowe’s. 

Curved Ruler
(Tools)
• I must ensure that the long side of the 24”x2¼” conductive winding has the correct form of S curve.
• So I will be using a 24”(or 610 mm) Flexible Curved Ruler by Staedtler that I purchased from inside an Artist & Craftsman Supply store. 

S.H.O. Coils
(Assembly)
• The two S.H.O. Coils will be spread apart at the middle section of the S curve to make space for the shaft in between. 

Curved Ruler
(Tools)
• The 12 American Wire Gauge copper wire is significantly rigid by itself, and it will be even more so when approximately 22 turns of such wire are bundled together in each S.H.O. coil
• Therefore I have used the 24” (or 610 mm) Flexible Curved Ruler by Staedtler, which is stiff in its own right, to trace various models for the S Curve of the S.H.O. Coils. 

Visualis Electromagnetism
(Software)
• To digitally render the optimized shape for the S.H.O. coils, I used Microsoft Excel to overlay an XY plot chart over a scan of a desired model for the S Curve and adjusted the X and Y values to match the curve.
• Then using Excel Functions, I produced the code for a
•.viz file which I imported into Visualis Electromagnetism (from visualis-physics.com). 

Tubing Bender
(Phase 3 Tools)
• To form the S curves of the S.H.O. Coils, I will use a 1/4”-3/8” Tubing Bender by Pittsburgh from Harbor Freight Tools. 

Tubing Bender
(Phase 3 Tools)
• To hold the tubing bender to the workbench, I will use 3 in. Industrial C-Clamps that I obtained from a Harbor Freight Tools store. 

Ceiling Hooks
(Phase 3 Parts)
• To hold the winding into the desired configuration, I purchased 7/8” vinyl-coated ceiling hooks from Arrow Hardware through Amazon.com.
• These hooks are about the right size to hold each winding separately. They can also be turned as needed to conform to the S curves of the S.H.O. coils. 

Wood Panels
(Disassembly)
• Before I can drill pilot holes onto the wood panels for the ceiling hooks, I must unscrew the hinges from the wood panels, set aside the wood base blocks, and then pull out the panels off the bearings. 

Ceiling hooks
(Assembly)
• To drill pilot holes for the ceiling hooks, I will again use the 18 Volt Cordless 3/8 in. Drill by Drill Master that I purchased inside a Harbor Freight Tools store. 

Bundle Diameter
(Compatibility)
• Each of the two S.H.O. Coils should have a bundled cross-section of about 3/8” inch (or 10 mm) in diameter consisting of approximately 22 turns of 12 American Wire Gauge (or 2 mm diameter) wire.
• The openings in the ceiling hooks are 1/3” (or 8 mm) across. Therefore, the coils will be securely held into place by the hooks. 

Electrical Tape
(Parts)
• To provide an additional electrical barrier and thermal protection between the windings and the hooks, I will be using Scotch Professional Grade 35 Red Vinyl Electrical Tape that I purchased at Lowe’s. 

Drill Bits
(Phase 3 Tools)
• I have purchased a set of 7/64 in. Titanium Nitride High Speed Steel Drill Bits by Warrior from Harbor Freight Tools.
• These will allow to me drill pilot holes into the wood panels for the ceiling hooks. 

S.H.O. Coils
(Assembly)
• After I make the S.H.O coils and install the ceiling hooks, I will slide the wood panels back on the bearings, and then screw them back onto the base hinges.
• Then I will insert the S.H.O. Coils into the ceiling hooks. 

Wire Connector & Sandpaper
(Phase 3 Parts & Tools)
• In order to connect the coils together in series, I will be using Utilitech Plastic Standard Wire Connectors (Item no. 48630) and 3M 600 Grit sandpaper from Lowe’s. 

In Phase 4…
• First on the list is to show that there are no hidden batteries inside the wood pieces.
• Second is to pre-drill and screw on additional wood pieces for added structural rigidity.
• Third is to adhere hex nuts on the shaft in order to lock the position of the rotor.
• Fourth on the list is to install ring connectors onto magnet wires where needed. 

In Phase 4…
• Fifth is to screw the ring connectors on the toggle switch and secure the switch to the base with a mounting adhesive.
• Sixth is to install the fan blades on the shaft.
• Seventh is to run the S.H.O. Drive and measure the resistance, inductance, as well as the operational ampere current, rotational speed, temperature, and wind speed. 

Transparency
(Protocols)
• Before I finish assembly and run some tests, to show that there are no hidden batteries inside the structural wood of the S.H.O. Drive, I will remove the wood and use a metal detector to show that there is no hidden battery. Then after that is established, I will reinstall the wood pieces back on. 

S.H.O. Coils
(Disassembly)
• Before I can remove the wood panels, I need to first pull out the S.H.O. Coils from the installed ceiling hooks so that I can separate the panels from each other. 

Wood Panels
(Disassembly)
• After the coils are removed, I then have to detach the wood panels from the base blocks by disconnecting the screws and hinges. For this I will use pieces from the iWork 53 piece Tool Set by Olympia Tools.
• The ceiling hooks can be unscrewed by hand. 

Metal Detector
(Measuring Devices)
• In order to show that there are no hidden batteries inside the S.H.O. Drive wood pieces, I will use the GoerTek Portable Security Scanner that I purchased from GoerTek via Amazon.com 

Metal Spring Clamps
(Recap)
• In Phase 1, in order to hold the wood pieces for pre-drilling, I used the Bessey XM7 3-Inch Metal Spring Clamps that I purchased from Woodcraft.
• I will use this again to conduct further pre-drilling for some additional structural reinforcements. 

Compact Power Drill
(Recap)
• In Phase 1, I pre-drilled holes for the brass screws using the 18 Volt Cordless 3/8 in. Drill by Drill Master from Harbor Freight Tools. 

Drill Bits
(Recap)
• In Phase 1, for drilling pilot holes for the brass screws, I used 3/32 in. Titanium Nitride High Speed Steel Drill Bits by Warrior from Harbor Freight Tools. 

Spacers
(Phase 4 Parts)
• To ensure that the bearings stay inside the holes, I will screw in HighPoint Solid Brass Screws that I purchased from Woodcraft (after pre-drilling first) to attach very small spacers over the bearing holes. The spacers came with the Birdhouse kits. 

Wide “Wood Shingle”
(Phase 4 Parts)
• The length of the two ash wood base blocks differ by 1/8”, so I will pre-drill through a “wide wood shingle” onto the end of one of the base blocks, and then I will screw in additional brass screws in order to secure the wide “wood shingle” into place. 

X-Acto Knife
(Phase 4 Tools)
• In order to trim off the excess wood of the wide “wood shingle”, I will use an X-Acto Knife No. 1 with Cap that I purchased from an Artist & Craftsman Supply store. 

Narrow “Wood Shingles”
(Parts)
• Additional brass screws will be used to secure two narrow “wood shingles” between each end of the two base blocks to lock them at a 45 degree tilt at both sides. 

#ShoDrives
@ShoDrives
Sho.wiki - Drive Replication and Collaboration Site
YouTube.com/c/ShoWiki - Watch and Subscribe Site
Facebook.com/ShoDrives - Like, Share, and Fan Site 

S.H.O. Drive
(Reassembly)
• After the test with the metal detector and installing extra wood pieces, I will remove the “narrow shingles”, reinstall onto the wood panels the ceiling hooks, hinges, shaft, “narrow shingles”, and finally the two S.H.O. coils. 

Hex Nuts
(Parts)
• I will secure the shaft with half-a-thread’s worth of special-purpose glue called Loctite Threadlocker Blue 242, which I purchased at Lowe’s.
• This will hold hex nuts on the shaft adjacent to the outer facings of the bearings. 

Terminal Rings
(Phase 4 Parts)
• To connect the magnet wires onto the toggle switch, I will install 10-106 Terminal Rings from Gardner Bender, which I purchased from Amazon.com.
• I will crimp these onto the ends of the magnet wire and screw them onto the toggle switch terminals. 

Sandpaper
(Tools)
• To maximize the connection between the terminal rings and the magnet wire, I will sand off the enamel layer at the ends of the wire using 3M 600 Grit sandpaper that I purchased from Lowe’s. 

Crimper Tool
(Phase 4 Tools)
• Using the VISE-GRIP Multi Tool Stripper, Cutter and Crimper that I purchased from IRWIN Tools through Amazon.com, I will crimp the ring connector sleeves on the ends of magnet wires. 

Toggle Switch
(Phase 4 Parts)
• The ring connectors will then be screwed onto a 20A toggle switch.
• This is a double-pole, double-throw switch, or DPDT for short. 

Terminal Rings
(Assembly)
• To tighten the screws that will hold the terminal rings onto the toggle switch. I will again use pieces from the iWork 53 piece Tool Set by Olympia Tools. 

ON/OFF Settings
(Operation)
• The DPDT (or double-pole double-throw) switch, purchased from TOOGOO through Amazon.com, has one OFF setting and two ON settings. 

OFF Setting
(Operation)
• When the OFF setting is selected, the S.H.O. coil will be an open circuit.
• The two middle terminals or “poles” matching the OFF setting will be connected to the ends of the coil, but nothing else. 

On Setting #1
(Operation)
• When ON setting #1 is selected, it will simply close the circuit.
• The two terminals or “poles” for this setting will be connected together with magnet wire. 

On Setting #2
(Operation)
• ON setting #2, when selected, may be used to connect the coil to a Sinometer VC6243+ LC meter in series with the coils.
• This will be used to measure the Inductance of the S.H.O. Coil Winding. 

LC meter
(Measuring Devices)
• I purchased the Sinometer VC6243+ LC meter from Sinometer via Amazon.com 

LC meter
(Measuring Devices)
• The Sinometer VC6243+ LC meter can measure:
• Magnetic Inductance
(represented by L)
• Electrical Capacitance
(represented by C) 

On Setting #2
(Operation)
• ON setting #2 may also be used to connect the coil to a Vichy VC480C+ Digital Milli-ohm Meter.
• This will be used to measure the Resistance of the S.H.O. Coil Winding. 

Milli-ohm Meter
(Measuring Devices)
• I purchased the Vichy VC480C+ Digital Milli-ohm Meter from modders_chn via eBay.com 

Milli-ohm Meter
(Measuring Devices)
• The Vichy VC480C+ Digital Milli-ohm Meter uses the 4-wire method of measuring very small resistances.
• The 4-wire method involves passing a current through a resistor and measuring the voltage across the terminals. 

On Setting #2
(Operation)
• ON setting #2 may also be used to connect the coil to an Extech 411 True-RMS Multimeter.
• This will be used to measure the current of the S.H.O. Coil Winding. 

True-RMS Multimeter
(Measuring Devices)
• I purchased the Extech 411 True-RMS Multimeter from Fry’s Electronics. 

True-RMS Multimeter
(Measuring Devices)
• The Extech 411 True-RMS Multimeter will be used calculate the root mean square or RMS of the current & voltage. 

True-RMS Multimeter
(Measuring Devices)
• The heat loss in the winding can be calculated by taking the product of winding resistance and the mean square current. 

True-RMS Multimeter
(Measuring Devices)
• This device does not measure the phase difference between current and voltage.
• Therefore, it cannot be used to measure power in a circuit with an inductor, capacitor, or other circuit components which may cause a phase difference between current and voltage.
• However, this meter can be used to calculate heat losses and measure induced voltage. 

Mounting the Switch
(Assembly)
• 3M Scotch Heavy Duty Mounting Tape (½” (or 13mm) wide) will be used to mount the toggle switch onto the rear “narrow shingle”. 

Alligator Clip Leads
(Equipment)
• For better lead connections to On Setting #2, I purchased Heavy Duty 12 AWG - 3 Feet Long DC Power Supply Leads from PS-Mastech via Amazon.com. 

Alligator Clip Leads
(Equipment)
• These leads have a wire size identical to the wire used in the S.H.O. Coil and therefore support a similar amount of current. These leads are gauge 12 on the American Wire Gauge scale.
• At one end, they have banana plugs which may be connected to the multimeters which I will be using.
• At the other end, these leads have alligator clips which can attach to the toggle switch at On Setting #2. 

Output Demonstration
(Protocols)
• One key task is to absorb and demonstrate the mechanical output of the S.H.O. Drive.
• To do this demonstration, I will use a propeller, which will transfer out mechanical energy to air, producing wind. 

Fan Blades
(Phase 4 Parts)
• This Automotive cooling fan has 5 blades and has a diameter of 12” (or about 30 cm).
• I purchased this item from Flex-a-Lite through Amazon.com
• It’s part number 1312. 

Washers and Hex Nuts
(Parts)
• I will secure the 12” (or 30 cm) diameter fan with its 5/8” (or 16 mm) bore hole, through the 5/8” (or 16 mm) diameter rod by compressing it between a pair of zinc-plated washers that I purchased at Lowe’s and a pair of zinc-plated hex nuts that I purchased at Tacoma Screw. 

Adjustable Wrench
(Phase 4 Tools)
• To tighten the hex nuts against the washers and the propeller, I purchased a Kobalt 8-in (about 200 mm) Chrome Vanadium Steel Adjustable Wrench from Lowe’s. 

Tachometer
(Measuring Devices)
• To measure rotation speed, I will use the AGPtek Professional Digital Laser Photo Tachometer that I purchased from AGPtek through Amazon.com 

Tachometer
(Tools)
• To properly use the AGPtek Professional Digital Laser Photo Tachometer, I must use the reflective tape that was included with the kit.
• This included reflective tape is designed to allow photo tachometers to accurately measure rotational speed. 

Compact Disc
(Compatibility)
• I will apply the reflective tape onto the label side of a CD, which I will then insert over the 5/8” diameter threaded rod.
• The diameter of the CD’s center hole is 15mm. As a result, if you take the depth of the threads into account, the CD should hold steady without modifying it.
• The CD will be secured onto the shaft with hex nuts. 

Plastic Furniture Tips
(Phase 4 Parts)
• To prevent the ends of the shaft from damaging things, I will cover them with 5/8” (or 16 mm) Black Plastic Furniture Tips from the Hillman Group that I purchased at Lowe’s. 

Electrical Tape
(Parts)
• In order to form a tight grip between the shaft and the Plastic Furniture Tips, I will use the Scotch Professional Grade 35 Red Vinyl Electrical Tape, also from Lowe’s. 

Electrical Resistance
(Pre-run Testing)
• To measure the electrical resistance of the S.H.O. Winding, I will be using the Vichy VC480C+ Digital Milli-ohm Meter. 

Magnetic Inductance
(Pre-run Testing)
• To measure the magnetic inductance of the S.H.O. Winding as a function of rotor position, I will use the Sinometer VC6243+ LC meter. 

Induced Voltage vs. Rotation
(Pre-run Testing)
• Using the Extech 411 RMS Multimeter and the AGPtek Professional Digital Laser Photo Tachometer, I will measure the root mean square value of the induced voltage as a function of rotation speed. 

Electric Current
(Run Testing)
• During the test run, I will use the Extech 411 RMS Multimeter to measure the root mean square value of the induced current. 

Thermometer
(Tools)
• To measure the temperature of the coil, I will use the DTQ450X Quick-Read Thermometer from CDN that I purchased through Amazon.com
• This thermometer has a range of -40° F to +450° F (or -40° C to +230° C) 

Thermometer Accuracy
(Pre-run Testing)
• I must test the thermometer to see if it takes accurate readings
• First, I will test the temperature of the air near the drive motor.
• Then, after sanitizing the thermometer with 70% isopropyl alcohol wipes, I will test the temperature under my tongue, which should be about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit or 37 degrees Centigrade. 

Before Temperature
(Pre-run Testing)
• After sanitizing the thermometer, I will insert the thermometer into one of the flat sections of the S.H.O. Drive Winding. I will also test the other three flat sections.
• I will take out the thermometer out during the duration test, and I will set up water and ice samples to test the thermometer with, again sanitizing between measurements. 

Duration Run
(Run Testing)
• I will test a duration run of the drive motor. In this test, I will measure the S.H.O. Drive’s:
• Root mean square current
• Wind Speed
• Air Temperature
• Coil Temperature
• Rotational Speed 

Anemometer
(Measuring Equipment)
• During the test run, I will measure the air speed in front and rear of the S.H.O. Drive fan, using the OriGlam Digital Anemometer & Thermometer from OriGlam that I purchased through Amazon.com
• This anemometer can measure winds between 196 and 4900 ft/min (2.2 and 56 mph) (3.6 and 90 kph). 

After Temperature
(Post-Run Testing)
• After the duration test, I will reinsert the thermometer into the S.H.O. Drive Winding into the same sections tested previously, again, sanitizing between measurements.